Greece – 10 euro silver, MATHEMATICIANS – EUCLID, 2023

Greece - 10 euro silver, MATHEMATICIANS - EUCLID, 2023
Greece – 10 euro silver, MATHEMATICIANS – EUCLID, 2023

GREEK CULTURE – MATHEMATICIANS – EUCLID.

Greece – 10 euro silver, MATHEMATICIANS – EUCLID, 2023

Euclid is considered the father of geometry. He lived in Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy I and must have flourished about 300 BC. His central work was the Elements, where he presented the fundamental concepts and principles of geometry and, based on five indemonstrable postulates or axioms (e.g. two points determine one and only one straight line), managed to summarise the geometric wisdom of the time in a comprehensible and coherent system, named Euclidean geometry in his honour.

His influence was so immense that it was not until the 19th century that a non-Euclidean geometry was developed. He also wrote Optics, Catoptrics, Conics, etc. They say that when Ptolemy once asked him if there was in geometry any shorter way than that of the Elements, he replied that there was no royal road to geometry.

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Greece – 10 euro Ag, THE AUTOMATIC MAIDSERVANT OF PHILO, 2023

Greece - 10 euro Ag, THE AUTOMATIC MAIDSERVANT OF PHILO, 2023
Greece – 10 euro Ag, THE AUTOMATIC MAIDSERVANT OF PHILO, 2023, GREEK CULTURE

THE AUTOMATIC MAIDSERVANT OF PHILO. GREEK CULTURE – ANCIENT GREEK TECHNOLOGY

The automatic maidservant of Philo is described in the Pneumatics of Philo of Byzantium, a 3rd century BC engineer who lived in Alexandria. It is an automaton (robot) in the form of a (life-size) maidservant holding a wine jug in her right hand.

Inside the effigy were two tanks, one for wine and one for water (as the Greeks used to drink their wine diluted), and a mechanism consisting of liquid and air tubes. By placing a cup on the extended left hand of the maidservant, the mechanism started to work.

Air pressure pushed the liquids (first wine and then water) through the right arm into the jug and then into the cup, in the desired proportion. The automatic maidservant is the first known functional robot.

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Great Britain – £2 Britannia One Ounce Silver 2023, QUEEN

Great Britain – £2 Britannia One Ounce Silver 2023, QUEEN

Each Britannia 2023 bullion coin featuring the fifth and final effigy of Queen Elizabeth II has a limited production run.

A Britannia coin featuring King Charles III’s first effigy will be released in the new year.

The legendary figure of Britannia has symbolised Britain’s strength and integrity on coinage since Roman times. Little wonder then that the silver Britannia, with such a depth of history behind it, has been a popular choice with bullion investors ever since its introduction in 1997. This new specification combined with its tradition and integrity gives new life for today’s investment customer.

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GREEK NUMISMATIC PROGRAMME 2023

The Hellenic Numismatic Programme of 2023 is scheduled to include the issuance of the following products:

  1. COMMEMORATIVE CIRCULATION COINS
  • €2 COMMEMORATIVE CIRCULATION COIN DEDICATED TO: “100 YEARS FROM THE BIRTH OF MARIA CALLAS” (maximum issue 741,000 pieces)
  • €2 COMMEMORATIVE CIRCULATION COIN DEDICATED TO: “150 YEARS FROM THE BIRTH OF CONSTANTIN CARATHÉODORY(maximum issue 745,500 pieces)
  1. COLLECTOR COINS
  • €200 GOLD COLLECTOR COIN DEDICATED TO: “100 YEARS FROM THE BIRTH OF MARIA CALLAS” (maximum issue 750 pieces)
  • €100 GOLD COLLECTOR COIN DEDICATED TO: “GREEK MYTHOLOGY – THE OLYMPIAN GODS – ARTEMIS” (maximum issue 1,200 pieces)
  • €50 GOLD COLLECTOR COIN DEDICATED TO: “CULTURAL HERITAGE – DELOS” (maximum issue 1,500 pieces)
  • €10 SILVER COLLECTOR COIN DEDICATED TO: “GREEK CULTURE – ANCIENT GREEK TECHNOLOGY – THE AUTOMATIC MAIDSERVANT OF PHILO” (maximum issue 2,000 pieces)
  • €10 SILVER COLLECTOR COIN DEDICATED TO: “GREEK CULTURE – MATHEMATICIANS – EUCLID” (maximum issue 1,500 pieces)
  • €10 SILVER COLLECTOR COIN DEDICATED TO: “PHILHELLENES – KARL NORMANN” (maximum issue 2,000 pieces)
  • €6 SILVER COLLECTOR COIN DEDICATED TO: “2023 – ELEUSIS EUROPEAN CAPITAL OF CULTURE” (maximum issue 2,000 pieces)
  • €6 SILVER COLLECTOR COIN DEDICATED TO: “50 YEARS FROM THE ATHENS POLYTECHNIC UPRISING” (maximum issue 2,000 pieces)
  • €6 SILVER COLLECTOR COIN DEDICATED TO: “20 YEARS FROM THE DEATH OF ANTONIS SAMARAKIS” (maximum issue 1,000 pieces)
  • BLISTER PACK WITH A COLLECTOR SILVER  €5 COIN DEDICATED TO: “200 YEARS FROM THE BATTLE OF KARPENISI” (maximum issue 5,000 pieces)
  • BLISTER PACK WITH A COLLECTOR SILVER  €5 COIN DEDICATED TO: “ENVIRONMENT – ENDEMIC FLORA OF GREECE – FRITILARIA DAVISII” (maximum issue 5,000 pieces)
  1. SPECIAL EDITIONS
  • BLISTER SET CONTAINING ALL EIGHT DENOMINATIONS OF 2022 GREEK EURO COINS DEDICATED TO: “TOURISM – NAFPLIO” (maximum issue 7,500 pieces)
  • CARD BLISTER WITH A €2 COMMEMORATIVE BRILIANT UNCIRCULATED COIN DEDICATED TO: “100 YEARS FROM THE BIRTH OF MARIA CALLAS” (maximum issue 6,000 pieces)
  • CARD BLISTER WITH A €2 COMMEMORATIVE BRILIANT UNCIRCULATED COIN DEDICATED TO: “150 YEARS FROM THE BIRTH OF CONSTANTIN CARATHÉODORY (maximum issue 3,000 pieces)
  • €2 COMMEMORATIVE PROOF CIRCULATION COIN DEDICATED TO: “100 YEARS FROM THE BIRTH OF MARIA CALLAS” (maximum issue 3,000 pieces)
  • €2 COMMEMORATIVE PROOF CIRCULATION COIN DEDICATED TO: “150 YEARS FROM THE BIRTH OF CONSTANTIN CARATHÉODORY (maximum issue 1,500 pieces)

                                                                                                              

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Collection of 22 coins 2 euro ERASMUS PROGRAMME, 2022

Erasmus 2 euro collection
complete collection 2 euro 2022 Erasmus

The collection includes 22 coins from 18 countries of the euro zone area:

Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany (A, D, F, G, J), Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.

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Greece – 10 euro Ag. PROOF, ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM, 2022

Ancient Greek Technology, Antikythera Mechanism
Greece-10-euro-silver-2022-Antikythera-mechanism-in-case

GREEK CULTURE – ANCIENT GREEK TECHNOLOGY – THE ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM. The Antikythera mechanism was recovered from a shipwreck found in 1900 by sponge divers off the island of Antikythera.

Built in Hellenistic times, this intricate device was used for astronomical calculations and has been described as the oldest analogue computer. Its more than 30 bronze gearwheels rotated pointers over different dials. Thus, manually selecting a date on the main dial – which represented the zodiac, as well as the solar and lunar years – shifted the smaller gears, so that the pointers on the other dials indicated the position of the selected date in the four-year cycle of the Panhellenic games (Olympia, Pythia, Isthmia, Nemea), the positions of the five then-known planets and the correlation with astronomy cycles that were of particular interest to the ancient Greeks.

The mechanism also predicted solar and lunar eclipses. Research on the mechanism, which has fascinated scholars for decades, is still ongoing under the Antikythera Mechanism Research Project, which, using advanced imaging technologies, continues to provide impressive new insights into the mechanism’s complex inner workings.

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Greece – 2Euro Proof, THE FIRST GREEK CONSTITUTION, 2022

(rare)

Greece – 2 Euro, THE FIRST GREEK CONSTITUTION, 2022 (proof)

Commemorative coin 2 euro dedicated to the anniversary of 200 years since the introduction of the first Greek constitution.

From 20 December 1821 to 16 January 1822, the revolted Greeks held their first National Assembly at Nea Epidavros (known then as Piada), which adopted modern Greece’s first government charter, the Provisional Constitution of Greece.

Mintage 1500

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Greece – 50 Euro gold, ANCIENT THEATRE OF EPIDAURUS, 2022

Greece-50-euro-gold-ancient-theatre-Epidaurus-2022
Greece 50 euro gold ancient theatre Epidaurus 2022

CULTURAL HERITAGE – THE ANCIENT THEATRE OF EPIDAURUS.

The ancient theatre of Epidaurus, one of the best preserved of antiquity, is located on the grounds of a sanctuary to the healing god Asclepius. Attributed to the architect Polykleitos, it was constructed in the late 4th century BC, with subsequent additions. The cavea of the theatre, built into the natural hillside, comprises an upper and lower tier, separated by a walkway. The circular orchestra, 19.54 m. in diameter, was where the chorus performed, while the actors moved about the proscenium of a two-storey stage building, of which only the foundations survive.

Excavated by Panagiotis Kavvadias in 1881-83, the theatre required only limited restoration. The first modern-day revival of Greek drama at Epidaurus was directed by Dimitris Rontiris in 1938. Since 1954, the theatre has become the venue of the Epidaurus Festival, hosting mainly ancient tragedy and comedy productions. Thousands of spectators thus have an opportunity every summer to admire the theatre’s renowned acoustics and enjoy the unique experience of ancient drama in its natural setting.

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